Nigeria: An Entire Guide on Africa's True Giant

What comes to mind when you hear about Nigeria? Is it our bustling cities, our rich cultures, or perhaps the infectious energy of our people?

Growing up in Jalingo, Taraba State, I experienced the unique tapestry that is Nigeria - a land of 250+ ethnic groups, 500 languages, and unlimited potential.

Let me take you on a journey through the heart of Africa's true giant, exploring everything from its history to its modern-day marvels.

History of Nigeria

Pre-Colonial Era:

Nigeria’s story begins thousands of years ago with the Nok civilization (circa 1500 BC), known for its remarkable terracotta sculptures.

Ancient kingdoms like the Hausa city-states, the Igbo Kingdom of Nri, and the Yoruba Oyo Empire emerged, shaping diverse cultures that persist today.

Colonial Era:

The British colonized the region in the late 19th century, merging the Southern and Northern Protectorates in 1914 to form Nigeria.

Our name, coined by journalist Flora Shaw, derives from the Niger River.

Independence and Beyond:

On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained independence.

Three years later, it became a republic. Since then, we’ve weathered a civil war (1967–1970) and multiple coups, finally achieving stable democracy with the 1999 constitution.

Nigeria, Africa - At a Glance

- Capital: Abuja

- Population (2023): 230.8 million (6th largest globally).

- Area: 923,769 km²

- Currency: Naira (₦) - Looking to securely exchange Naira? Contact us at IBI Foundry.

- Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and over 500 indigenous languages.

- National Anthem: "Arise, O Compatriots".

- Time Zone: West Africa Time (UTC+1).

Geography and Climate

Nigeria’s geography ranges from the Sahel in the north to tropical rainforests in the south. With two main seasons - rainy (April to October) and dry (November to March) - the weather reflects our diversity.

- Highest Point: Chappal Waddi (2,419 m)

- Major Rivers: Niger and Benue

States, Capitals, and Population in Nigeria, Africa

Nigeria has 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja.

Here are some highlights:

1. Lagos (Population: ~20 million) – Nigeria’s economic hub.

2. Kano (Population: ~15 million) – Known for agriculture and trade.

3. Rivers (Population: ~7 million) – Home to Port Harcourt, the oil capital.

Want the complete list of states and local governments? Visit the IBIFoundry Academy blog.

Nigerian Government and Politics

Nigeria operates a federal system with three branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary. Democracy returned in 1999 with Olusegun Obasanjo as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic.

- Current President (2024): Bola Ahmed Tinubu

- Key Federal Agencies: NNPC, EFCC, NAFDAC, NCC, and more.

Culture and Ethnic Groups

With over 250 ethnic groups, Nigeria’s diversity is unmatched:

- Hausa-Fulani: Predominantly in the north, known for farming and trading.

- Yoruba: Masters of art and architecture in the southwest.

- Igbo: Renowned for their entrepreneurial spirit in the southeast.

My Nigerian Story;

I’ll never forget my first trip to Jos, Plateau State, where I discovered the warmth of Berom hospitality and the breathtaking Shere Hills.

Nigeria’s cultural richness is personal for every citizen.

Top 10 Facts About Nigeria

1. Nigeria is the most populous African country.

2. Nollywood is the second-largest film industry globally.

3. Lagos has the largest tech ecosystem in Africa.

4. The Sokoto Caliphate was once the largest Islamic empire in Africa.

5. The Yoruba city of Ife dates back to the 9th century.

6. Nigeria is Africa’s largest oil producer.

7. The Nok culture produced iron by 550 BC.

8. Nigeria is home to the largest butterfly diversity in the world.

9. Kainji Dam is one of Africa’s biggest hydroelectric projects.

10. Abuja is one of the fastest-growing cities globally.

Places to Visit in Nigeria

- Yankari Game Reserve (Bauchi) – Wildlife and warm springs.

- Obudu Mountain Resort (Cross River) – Breathtaking views and hiking trails.

- Lekki Conservation Centre (Lagos) – Nature walks and Africa’s longest canopy walkway.

- Zuma Rock (Niger State) – Known as the "Gateway to Abuja."

Nigerian Influencers, Celebrities, and Top Companies

Influencers;

Nigeria boasts a robust social media presence:

- Toke Makinwa – Media personality and entrepreneur.

- Fisayo Fosudo – Tech reviewer and storyteller.

Celebrities;

From Burna Boy to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Nigerian talent dominates globally.

Top Companies;

- Banks: Access Bank, Zenith Bank, GTCO.

- Tech: Flutterwave, Andela, Paystack.

Visit Nigeria, through IBIFoundry

Want to learn more about Nigeria or plan your visit?

Contact IBIFoundry for travel guides, historical insights, and investment opportunities in Ibi, Taraba State and Nigeria in general.

Finally, "Naija na the Real Wakanda!"

Nigeria is more than a country; it’s an experience.

From its rich history to its vibrant culture, there’s no place like it.

As a proud Nigerian, I invite you to explore the Giant of Africa and discover why it’s truly extraordinary.

Simon Taki Zaku,

Founder, CEO, IbiFoundry.com.ng.

For IbiFoundry.com.ng/blog/.