top of page
Writer's pictureSimon Zaku

Understanding the Nigerian Education System: 6-3-3-4 Education System

Updated: Nov 27

Did you know that over 20 million Nigerian children are currently out of school, making Nigeria the country with the largest number of out-of-school children globally?

Nigerian Education System

Hello, I’m Simon Taki Zaku, Founder and CEO of IBIFoundry.com.ng.


Born and raised in Jalingo, Taraba State, I have personally witnessed the challenges of accessing quality education in Nigeria.


Growing up, education wasn’t just a pathway to success; it was often the only option for many families seeking to escape poverty.


Today, I’ll take you through the intricacies of Nigeria’s education system, its structure, challenges, and opportunities for reform.


As someone deeply invested in empowering Nigerians through education and entrepreneurship, I believe understanding this system is critical to creating sustainable solutions.


The Structure of Nigeria’s Education System


Nigeria’s education system operates under the 6-3-3-4 structure, introduced in the 1980s. Here's what it entails:


1. Six Years of Primary Education:


Compulsory for children aged 6 to 12.


Subjects include English, Mathematics, Basic Science, and Civic Education.


2. Three Years of Junior Secondary Education:


Focuses on foundational skills.


Students are introduced to practical subjects like Basic Technology and Agriculture.


3. Three Years of Senior Secondary Education:


Prepares students for higher education or vocational training.


Includes Science, Arts, and Commercial streams.


4. Four Years of Tertiary Education:


Offered in universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education.


Despite this structure, implementation varies across states due to economic disparities, leading to significant gaps in educational quality and accessibility.


Challenges Facing Nigeria’s Education System


1. Funding Shortages:


Only 5.4% of Nigeria’s 2024 budget was allocated to education, far below the UNESCO-recommended 15-20%.


This has led to inadequate infrastructure, poorly paid teachers, and insufficient learning materials.


2. Teacher Shortages and Low Morale:


Nigeria needs over 250,000 teachers to meet the current demand.


Many educators work in overcrowded classrooms with limited resources, impacting teaching quality.


3. Out-of-School Children:


Over 60% of Nigeria’s out-of-school children are girls, often due to poverty, child marriage, or cultural biases.


4. Strikes in Tertiary Institutions:


Frequent industrial actions disrupt university education, with some students spending 6-8 years on 4-year programs.


5. Regional Disparities:


Northern Nigeria faces higher illiteracy rates, exacerbated by insecurity and cultural barriers.


The Role of Education in Development


Education is the bedrock of any thriving society. In Nigeria:


Economic Growth: Education equips individuals with skills for employment, entrepreneurship, and innovation.


Social Equality: Literacy empowers marginalized communities, particularly women and girls.


Political Awareness: An educated populace is more likely to participate in democratic processes.


Opportunities for Reform


1. Investment in Teacher Training:


Programs to upskill educators can improve learning outcomes.


Incentives like housing and higher wages can attract more teachers.


2. Leveraging Technology:


E-learning platforms like uLesson and Edutech have shown promise.


Solar-powered schools in rural areas can bridge the digital divide.


3. Community Engagement:


Encouraging parents and local leaders to prioritize education can reduce cultural resistance, especially in rural areas.


4. Public-Private Partnerships:


Collaborations with organizations like Teach for Nigeria and UNICEF can improve infrastructure and provide scholarships.


5. Focus on Vocational Training:


Expanding technical colleges can create job-ready graduates, reducing unemployment.


Final Thoughts


As Nigerians, we must reimagine education as a national priority.


From hawkers who struggle daily to make a living to policymakers with the power to transform systems, education affects us all.


Let’s create an environment where every Nigerian child has access to quality learning, regardless of their socioeconomic background.


Simon Taki Zaku,

Founder, CEO, IbiFoundry.com.ng

simon zaku founder ibifoundry

13 views0 comments

Comments


bottom of page